What definition best fits an "executive officer"?

The definition of an "executive officer" is best captured by the description of a leadership role defined by governing documents. Executive officers typically hold significant responsibilities within an organization and are often clearly identified in corporate bylaws or other founding documents. These roles usually encompass positions such as CEO, CFO, or COO, and they are involved in making strategic decisions that guide the organization.

In this context, governing documents provide the framework for the powers and duties of executive officers, outlining their authority and the expectations of their performance. This helps ensure that those in these roles are accountable and have the necessary authority to carry out their duties effectively.

The other options do not accurately capture the essence of an executive officer. For instance, describing someone without formal authority does not align with the power typically associated with an executive role. Likewise, characterizing an executive officer as a non-employee advisor or as part of an entry-level management position fails to reflect the seniority and responsibility inherent in executive roles. Therefore, the best answer emphasizes the defined leadership position as established by organizational governance.